En primer lugar debo
felicitarme porqué mi anterior post sobre la lactancia materna obtuvo una buena
acogida entre la mayoría de aquellos que lo leísteis. Pero como “no todo el
monte es orégano” también tuvo sus consiguientes críticas y sus detractores.
Entiendo que haya quien no le gusta mi manera de explicar las cosas, entiendo
que la forma en que fue plasmada la idea central, que no era otra que hacer promoción de la
lactancia materna desde una vertiente masculina, pudiera parecer que no era la más acertada, puedo
llegar a entender muchas cosas y, en el fondo, agradezco hasta la más dura de
las críticas porqué no hace otra cosa que ayudarme a mejorar.
Me cuesta, sin embargo, asimilar que haya quien vea en ese post una postura machista y/o de adoctrinamiento. Promocionar aquello en lo que uno cree es lícito y más si es a favor de un beneficio para otros. Tan lícito como criticarlo o hacer apología de la versión contraria, pero de ahí al descrédito personal y profesional hay un trecho. Y eso, tengo la sensación, de que es lo que llegó a suceder.
En segundo lugar
hubo quien le achacaba a la entrada que estaba llena de dogmas y de falacias
carentes de demostración. Ahí tengo que dar toda la razón a los que apoyaron
esa tesis, no tanto por ser cierta como por haber cometido el error de dar por
sentado algo que, en mi cabeza, está sobradamente demostrado. Así que entonando
el mea culpa y para redimirme de tamaño
atrevimiento aquí os dejo lo que sería la bibliografía del post anterior con
las publicaciones y textos más relevantes al respecto de los beneficios de la
lactancia materna.
Por si pensáis que con algo de música será más ligerito:
Beneficios en general:
Capítulo monográfico sobre la lactancia materna en The Lancet del 28 de Enero del 2016: Aquí.
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. POLICY STATEMENT http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.full.pdf+html?sid=b6caa89a-8053-488a-8e1f-2a493d2186ab
Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk. POLICY STATEMENT http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.full.pdf+html?sid=b6caa89a-8053-488a-8e1f-2a493d2186ab
Breastfeeding
and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Evid Rep
Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007;153(153):1–186 http://archive.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/brfout/brfout.pdf
Breast-feeding:
A Commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. http://www.espghan.org/fileadmin/user_upload/guidelines_pdf/Hep_Nutr/Breastfeeding.pdf
The Optimal
Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding: Report of an Expert Consultation. Geneva:
World Health Organization; March 28–30, 2001 http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/optimal_duration_of_exc_bfeeding_report_eng.pdf
UNICEF UK Baby Friendly Initiative Statement on
bed sharing research, May 2013
http://www.unicef.org.uk/babyfriendly/news-and-research/news/unicef-uk-baby-friendly-initiative-statement-on-new-bed-sharing-research/
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. NICE
clinical guideline 37. Postnatal care. 2014. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg37/resources
World Health Organization, UNICEF. Protecting, promoting and
supporting breast-feeding The special role of maternity services http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/infantfeeding/9241561300/en/#
Pediatría Integral. Lactancia materna: ventajas, técnica y problemas.
http://www.pediatriaintegral.es/numero-actual/lactancia-materna-ventajas-tecnica-y-problemas/
Recomendaciones sobre la lactancia materna del
Comité de Lactancia Materna de la Asociación Española de Pediatría, 2012. http://www.aeped.es/comite-lactancia-materna/documentos/recomendaciones-sobre-lactancia-materna-comite-lactancia-materna
Promoción de la Lactancia materna. En
Recomendaciones PrevInfad/ PAPPS. Actualizado en diciembre de 2006. http://www.aepap.org/previnfad/Lactancia.htm
Las diez claves de la lactancia materna, La
Liga de la Leche Internacional 2005 http://www.laligadelaleche.es/lactancia_materna/diez_claves.htm
Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based
Practice Center. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in
developed countries. Evid Rep Technol Assess http://archive.ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/brfout/brfout.pdf
Breast feeding and future health. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab
Care 2006;9:289–96.
Early diet in preterm babies and developmental status in
infancy. Arch Dis Child 1989;64:1570–8.
Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): a
randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus. JAMA 2001;285:413–20.
World Health Organization. Evidence on the long-term effects
of breastfeeding. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. WHO Press, World Health
Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, ISBN 978 92 4 159523 O, 2007. 52 pages. Disponible en: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/
9789241595230_eng.pdf.
World Health Organization. The optimal duration of exclusive
breastfeeding: report of an expert consultation. Disponible en:
hwww.who.int/nutrition/publications/ optimal_duration_of_exc_bfeeding_report_
eng.pdf.
Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding [review]. The
Cochrane Library. January 21, 2009. Disponible en: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.
com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003517/full.
ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. Complementary feeding: a
commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr.
2008;46(1):99–110
ESPGHAN’s 2008 recommendation for early introduction of
complementary foods: how good is the evidence? Matern Child Nutr.
2011;7(4):335–343
A Systematic Review: E ects of Breastfeeding on
Early and Late Childhood: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1246&context=honors_research_projects
La lactancia materna
como factor de prevención de muertes:
How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet
2003;362:65–71.
Deaths and years of
life lost due to suboptimal breast-feeding among children in the developing
world: a global ecological risk assessment. Public Health Nutr 2006;9:673–85.
Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional
exposures and health consequences. Lancet 2008;371:243–60.
Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the
United States. Pediatrics 2004;113:e435–9.
Breastfeeding and cardiovascular mortality: the Boyd-Orr
cohort and a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2004;25:778–86.
The optimal duration of exclusive breast feeding: a
systematic review. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004;554:63– 77.
World Health Organization. The optimal duration of exclusive
breastfeeding: report of an expert consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization;
March 28–30, 2001
Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. American Academy of
Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2005;115:496–506.
The effect of maternal milk on neonatal morbidity of very
low-birth-weight infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157(1):66–71
Editorial de The Lancet sobre las múltiples ventajas de la lactancia materna: Aquí.
Editorial de The Lancet sobre las múltiples ventajas de la lactancia materna: Aquí.
La lactancia materna
como factor de reducción de infecciones:
Quantification of health effects of breastfeeding. Review of
the literature and model situation. RIVM Report 350040001/2005. Disponible en:
http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/ rapporten/350040001.pdf
Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in
developed countries. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Full Rep). 2007;153(153):1–186
Breastfeeding and
maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. AHRQ Publication
No. 07-E007, April 2007, 524 pages. Disponible en:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=hstat1b.chapter. 106732. Accessed
December 13, 2008.
Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and
respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millenium Cohort Study. Pediatrics
2007;119:e837–42.
Breast milk and the risk of opportunistic infection in
infancy in industrialized and non-industrialized settings. Adv Nutr Res
2001;10:69–104.
How protective is breastfeeding against diarrhoeal disease
in 1990s England? A case control study. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:245–50.
Breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for
respiratory disease in infancy: a meta-analysis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
2003;157:237–43.
Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal
HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS 2005;19:699–708.
Full breastfeeding duration and associated decrease in
respiratory tract infection in US children. Pediatrics. 2006;117(2):425– 432
Breastfeeding reduces the severity of respiratory syncytial
virus infection among young infants: a multi-center prospective study. Pediatr
Int. 2009;51(6):812–816
Prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of
infectious diseases in infancy. Pediatrics. 2010;126(1). Disponible en:
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/ 126/1/e18
Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and
respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study.
Pediatrics. 2007;119(4). Disponible en: www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/119/4/e837
Human milk feedings and infection among very low birth
weight infants. Pediatrics. 1998;102(3). Disponible en: www.pediatrics.
org/cgi/content/full/102/3/e38
Breastmilk cultures and infection in extremely premature
infants. J Perinatol. 2011;31(5):335–338
Comparison of maternal absenteeism and infant illness rates
among breast-feeding and formulafeeding women in two corporations. Am J Health
Promot. 1995;10(2):148–153
La lactancia materna
como factor de reducción de la obesidad, disminución de la presión arterial y su papel
en el metabolismo lipídico:
Rapid growth in infancy and childhood and obesity in later
life – a systematic review. Obes Rev 2005;6:143–54.
Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood pressure:
two cohorts after randomised trials. Lancet 2001;357:413–9.
Effect of breast feeding in infancy on blood pressure in
later life: systematic review and metaanalysis. BMJ 2003;327:1189–95.
Early childhood obesity prevention policies. June 23, 2011. Disponible en: www.iom.edu/obesityyoungchildren. Accessed December 12, 2011.
Breastfeeding in infancy and blood pressure in later life:
systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:15–26.
Effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child
height, weight, adiposity, and blood pressure at age 6.5 y: evidence from a
large randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1717–21.
Long-term effects of neonatal sodium restriction on blood
pressure. Hypertension 1997;29:913–7.
Early nutrition in preterm infants and later blood pressure:
two cohorts after randomised trials. Lancet. 2001;357(9254):413–419.
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in
infant formula and blood pressure in later childhood: follow-up of a randomised
controlled trial. BMJ 2003;326:953–9.
Lowering blood pressure: a systematic review of sustained
effects of non-pharmacological interventions. J Public Health Med
1998;20:441–8.
Infant feeding and blood cholesterol: a study in adolescents
and a systematic review. Pediatrics 2002;110:597–608.
Does initial breastfeeding lead to lower blood cholesterol
in adult life? A quantitative review of the evidence. Am J Clin Nutr
2008;88:305–14.
Duration of breastfeeding and arterial distensibility in
early adult life: population based study. BMJ 2001;322:643–7.
Arterial stiffness in 10-year-old children: current and
early determinants. Br J Nutr 2005;94:1004–11.
Breast feeding in infancy and arterial endothelial function
later in life. The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Eur J Clin Nutr
[Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2008.17.
Breastfeeding and atherosclerosis. Intima-media thickness
and plaques at 65-year follow-up of the Boyd-Orr cohort. Arterioscler Thromb
Vasc Biol 2005;25: 1482–8.
Breastfeeding and cardiovascular mortality: the Boyd-Orr
cohort and a systematic review with meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2004;25:778–86.
Breast feeding and cardiovascular disease risk factors,
incidence, and mortality: the Caerphilly study. J Epidemiol Community Health
2005;59:121– 9.
Breastfeeding during infancy and the risk of cardiovascular
disease in adulthood. Epidemiology 2004;15:550–6.
Duration of breastfeeding and the risk of overweight. Am J
Epidemiol 2005;162:397– 403.
Is breastfeeding protective against child obesity? J Hum
Lact 2003;19:9–18.
Early origins of cardiovascular disease: is there a unifying
hypothesis? Lancet 2004;363:1642–5.
Infant feeding mode affects early growth and body
composition. Pediatrics 2000;106: 1355–66.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital
signs: hospital practices to support breastfeeding—United States, 2007 and
2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60(30):1020–1025
U.S.Department of Health and Human Services, The Surgeon
General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. Available at: www.
surgeongeneral.gov/topics/breastfeeding/ Accessed March 28, 2011
Effect of infant feeding on the risk of obesity across the
life course: a quantitative review of published evidence. Pediatrics. 2005;115(5):1367–1377
Breastfeeding in infancy and adult cardiovascular disease
risk factors. Am J Med. 2009;122(7):656–663, e1
Breastfeeding as obesity prevention in the United States: a
sibling difference model. Am J Hum Biol. 2010;22(3):291–296
Infant self-regulation of breast milk intake. Acta Paediatr
Scand. 1986;75(6):893–898
Association of breastfeeding intensity and bottle-emptying
behaviors at early infancy with infants’ risk for excess weight at late
infancy. Pediatrics. 2008;122(suppl 2): S77–S84
Do infants fed from bottles lack self-regulation of milk
intake compared with directly breastfed infants? Pediatrics. 2010;125(6). Disponible en: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/125/6/e1386
La lactancia materna
como factor de protección de la diabetes:
Does breastfeeding influence risk of type 2 diabetes in
later life? A quantitative analysis of published evidence. Am J Clin Nutr
2006;84:1043–54.
Early infant feeding and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus—a
nationwide population-based case-control study in pre-school children. Diabetes
Metab Res Rev. 2008;24(3):211– 222
Das UN. Breastfeeding prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus:
but, how and why? Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(5):1436–1437
La lactancia materna
como factor de protección de alergias:
The influence of breast and artificial feeding on infantile
eczema. J Pediatr 1936;9:223–5.
Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small
children. Part III: critical review of published peer-reviewed observational
and interventional studies and final recommendations. Pediatr Allergy Immunol
2004;15: 291–307.
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition; ;
American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Allergy and Immunology. Effects of
early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants
and children: the role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing
of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics.
2008; 121(1):183–191
Timing of solid food introduction in relation to atopic
dermatitis and atopic sensitization: results from a prospective birth cohort
study. Pediatrics. 2006;117(2):401–411
Timing of initial exposure to cereal grains and the risk of
wheat allergy. Pediatrics. 2006;117(6):2175–2182
LISA Study Group. Timing of solid food introduction in
relation to eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food and inhalant
sensitization at the age of 6 years: results from the prospective birth cohort
study LISA. Pediatrics. 2008;121(1). Disponible en:
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/121/ 1/e44
Age at the introduction of solid foods during the first year
and allergic sensitization at age 5 years. Pediatrics. 2010;125(1):50–59 31.
La lactancia materna
como factor de protección de la enfermedad celiaca:
Effect of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a
systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arch Dis Child
2006;91:39–45.
Risk of celiac disease autoimmunity and timing of gluten
introduction in the diet of infants at increased risk of celiac disease. JAMA
2005;293: 2343–51.
La lactancia materna
como factor de protección de la Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal:
Breastfeeding and risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1342–52.
Environmental risk factors in paediatric inflammatory bowel
diseases: a population based control study. Gut 2005;54:357–63.
Systematic review: the role of breastfeeding in the
development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr.
2009;155(3):421–426
Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal
microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics. 2006;118(2):511–521
La lactancia materna
como factor de protección de Leucemia y Linfoma:
Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood leukaemia: a
meta-analysis. Public Health Rep 2004;119:521–35.
Breast-feeding and cancer: the Boyd-Orr cohort and a
systematic review with metaanalysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97:1446–57.
Does prolonged breastfeeding reduce the risk for childhood
leukemia and lymphomas? Minerva Pediatr. 2008;60 (2):155–161
Childhood acute leukemia, early common infections, and
allergy: The ESCALE Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;172(9):1015–1027
Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood leukemia: a
meta-analysis. Public Health Rep. 2004;119(6):521–535
Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. En: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030516
Breastfeeding and Childhood Leukemia Incidence: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. En: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26030516
La lactancia materna
como factor favorecedor del desarrollo cognitivo:
Breast-feeding and cognitive development: a meta-analysis.
Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70:525–35.
Breastfeeding influences cognitive development in Filipino
children. J Nutr 2005;135:2589–95.
Breast feeding and child cognitive development. New evidence
from a large randomized trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2007;65:578–84.
Long term effect of breastfeeding: cognitive function in the
Caerphilly cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005;59:130–3.
The association of breastfeeding and adult intelligence.
JAMA 2002;287:2365– 71.
Improved estimates of the benefits of breastfeeding using
sibling comparisons to reduce selection bias. Health Serv Res 2005;40:1781–802.
Effect of breast feeding on intelligence in children:
prospective study, sibling pairs analysis, and metaanalysis. BMJ 2006;333:929–30.
Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual
function and neurodevelopment in breastfed term infants. Am J Clin Nutr
2005;82:125– 32.
Brain ganglioside and
glycoprotein sialic acid in breast-fed compared with formula-fed infants. Am J
Clin Nutr 2003;78:1024–9.
Early breastfeeding is linked to higher intelligence
quotient scores in dietary treated phenylketonuric children. Acta Paediatr
1996;85:56–8.
Effect of breast feeding on intelligence in children:
prospective study, sibling pairs analysis, and meta-analysis. BMJ.
2006;333(7575):945– 950
Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study
Group. Effects of prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding on child behavior and
maternal adjustment: evidence from a large, randomized trial. Pediatrics.
2008;121(3). Disponible en: www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/121/3/e435
Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study
Group. Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: new evidence from a large
randomized trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008;65(5):578–584
PROBIT Study Group (Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention
Trial). Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): a randomized
trial in the Republic of Belarus. JAMA. 2001;285(4):413– 420
NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Bene- ficial effects of
breast milk in the neonatal intensive care unit on the developmental outcome of
extremely low birth weight infants at 18 months of age. Pediatrics.
2006;118(1). Disponible en: www.pediatrics. org/cgi/content/full/118/1/e115
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Research Network. Persistent beneficial effects of breast milk
ingested in the neonatal intensive care unit on outcomes of extremely low birth
weight infants at 30 months of age. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4). Disponible en:
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/120/4/e953
Randomised trial of early diet in preterm babies and later
intelligence quotient. BMJ. 1998;317 (7171):1481–1487
Impact of breast milk on intelligence quotient, brain size,
and white matter development. Pediatr Res. 2010;67(4):357–362
NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Neurodevelopmental and
growth outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants after necrotizing
enterocolitis. Pediatrics. 2005; 115(3):696–703
La lactancia materna como factor favorecedor
de mejora del apego materno filial:
Changes in breastfeeding practices in Norwegian maternity
wards: national surveys 1973, 1982, and 1991. Acta Paediatr 1995;84:719–24.
Medidas de apoyo por
parte de los profesionales a la lactancia materna:
Breastfeeding Handbook for Physicians. Elk Grove Village,
IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; Washington, DC: American College of
Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 2006
Opinions and practices of clinicians associated with
continuation of exclusive breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2004;113:e283–90.
Clinician support and psychosocial risk factors associated
with breastfeeding discontinuation. Pediatrics 2003;112:108–15.
American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding.
Sample Hospital Breastfeeding Policy for Newborns. Elk Grove Village, IL:
American Academy of Pediatrics; 2008.
Residency curriculum improves breastfeeding care.
Pediatrics. 2010;126 (2):289–297
American Academy of Pediatrics. Safe and Health Beginnings:
A Resource Toolkit for Hospitals and Physicians’ Offices. Elk Grove Village,
IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2008
World Health Organization; United Nations Children’s Fund.
Protecting, Promoting, and Supporting Breastfeeding: The Special Role of
Maternity Services. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1989
Baby-friendly hospital initiative improves breastfeeding
initiation rates in a US hospital setting. Pediatrics. 2001;108(3):677–681
Hospital practices that increase breastfeeding duration:
results from a population-based study. Birth. 2007;34(3):202–211
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Breastfeeding-related maternity practices at hospitals and birth centers—
United States, 2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008;57(23):621–625
Risk factors for suboptimal infant breastfeeding behavior,
delayed onset of lactation, and excess neonatal weight loss. Pediatrics.
2003;112(3 pt 1):607–619
The pediatrician supports breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med.
2010;5(5): 235–236
Pediatricians and the promotion and support of
breastfeeding. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(12):1142– 1149
American Academy of Pediatrics. American Academy of
Pediatrics Breastfeeding Initiatives. 2010. Disponible en: http://www.
aap.org/breastfeeding. Accessed September 17, 2009
Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee.
Clinical Protocols. Disponible en: http://www.bfmed.org/Resources/
Protocols.aspx.
American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on
Hyperbilirubinemia. Management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn infant 35
or more weeks of gestation. Pediatrics. 2004;114(1):297–316
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Practice and
Ambulatory Medicine and Bright Futures Steering Committee. Recommendations for
preventive pediatric health care. Pediatrics. 2007;120(6):1376
La lactancia materna
como factor de protección de la muerte
súbita del lactante:
Breastfeeding and
reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics.
2011;128(1):1–8
Breastfeeding and the risk of postneonatal death in the
United States. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5). Disponible en:
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/ 113/5/e435
Task Force on Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. SIDS and other
sleep-related infant deaths: expansion of recommendations for a safe infant
sleeping environment. Pediatrics. 2011;128(5):1030–1039
Does breastfeeding reduce the risk of sudden infant death
syndrome? Pediatrics. 2009;123(3). Disponible en:
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/ full/123/3/e406
The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States:
a pediatric cost analysis. Pediatrics. 2010; 125(5). Disponible en:
www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/125/5/e1048
Child Survival Study Group. How many child deaths can we
prevent this year? Lancet. 2003;362(9377):65–71
La lactancia materna
como factor de protección de la enterocolitis necrotizante:
Breast milk and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet.
1990;336 (8730):1519–1523
Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of
necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol.
2007;27(7): 428–433
Role of human milk in extremely low birth weight infants’
risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or death. J Perinatol. 2009;29(1):57–62
Feeding strategies for premature infants: benefi- cial
outcomes of feeding fortified human milk versus preterm formula. Pediatrics.
1999;103(6 pt 1):1150–1157
La lactancia materna
y los beneficios que presenta para la madre:
Impact of postnatal depression on breastfeeding duration.
Birth. 2003;30 (3):175–180
Does breastfeeding protect against substantiated child abuse
and neglect? A 15-year cohort study. Pediatrics. 2009;123(2):483–493
Effect of breastfeeding on weight retention at 3 and 6
months postpartum: data from the North Carolina WIC Programme. Public Health
Nutr. 2010;13(12):2019–2026
Duration of lactation and incidence of type 2 diabetes.
JAMA. 2005;294(20):2601–2610
Lactation and maternal risk of type 2 diabetes: a
population-based study. Am J Med. 2010;123(9):863.e1–.e6
Do breast-feeding and other reproductive factors influence
future risk of rheumatoid arthritis? Results from the Nurses’ Health Study.
Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(11):3458–3467
Duration of lactation and risk factors for maternal
cardiovascular disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(5):974–982
Lactation and incidence of premenopausal breast cancer: a
longitudinal study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(15): 1364–1371
Comparison of maternal absenteeism and infant illness rates among breast-feeding and formulafeeding women in two corporations. Am J Health Promot. 1995;10(2):148–153
Comparison of maternal absenteeism and infant illness rates among breast-feeding and formulafeeding women in two corporations. Am J Health Promot. 1995;10(2):148–153
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer.
Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data
from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with
breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet. 2002;
360(9328):187–195
History of breast-feeding in relation to breast cancer risk:
a review of the epidemiologic literature. J Natl Cancer Inst.
2000;92(4):302–312.
Lactancia materna, mucho más que leche. Documental.
Consciente de que falta por ponerle la correspondiente musiquita ahí lo dejo (de momento).
Sí, hay muchos informes sobre beneficios de la lactancia materna, por mucho que no haya unanimidad sobre la duración de esos "beneficios". Pero eso no convierte a la lactancia artificial en el Anticristo, ni a los bebés alimentados con biberón en mutantes enfermizos.
ResponderEliminarNo ayuda tampoco que algunos grupos de mujeres pro-lactancia materna tengan comportamientos perfectamente equivalentes a los de las sectas.
Una mujer sana, con un embarazo a término, que haya alumbrado una criatura sana y que elija la lactancia artificial porque valora un conjunto de aspectos de salud física y emocional, no es una "mala madre", ni tan siquiera una madre descuidada o negligente. Y, ¡oh, maravilla! transcurren los años y las criaturas se desarrollan física e intelectualmente con normalidad pero, claro, los promotores de la lactancia materna relegan ese hecho.
Los millones de personas alimentados con biberón (una tendencia que abundó entre los años 50 y 70) que gozan de buena salud, no parecen existir.
Tienes toda la razón del mundo y, si eso es lo que refleja esta entrada o la anterior, debo asumir mi error. Que la lactancia materna sea la mejor de las opciones nunca debe ser motivo de radicalizar posturas, de adoctrinar familias, de buscar culpabilidades o de emitir juicios de posturas. Afortunadamente estamos en el S XXI i los preparados lacteos para bebés son capaces de nutrirlos sin ningún problema (siempre que sigamos las indicaciones del fabricante), especialmente en los países desarrollados. No olvidemos, sin embargo, que alimentar a un bebé es más que nutrir. Un saludo y gracias por tu aportación. Disculpa la tardanza en la respuesta pero he estado unos días fuera y alejado de wi-fis y demases.
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